This is an overview of the conceptual foundations of physics, from its inception in the 17th century with Galileo Galilei and Newton to the 20th century physics of Einstein (and somewhat beyond).It is for those who would like to get an overview at a bit higher level of popularized science but less than an academic one, and without having to piece together with long searches all the concepts from different sources. Special emphases is set on the philosophical implications of the 20th century findings such as on determinism and final causes in physics.